Preservation and protection of rain water and water reservoirs
For water storage in a panjrapole, one percolation tank (Talao) is required for every 50 acres of land. Percolation tank for every 50 acres of land should have the following dimensions.

TREES LATIN NAMES
Vadh Ficus Benegaleness
Umbro Ficus Glomerate
Sami Prosopis Cinereal
Bilipatra Nirmali

DIMENSIONS (in mtrs.)
Length 75
Breadth 75
Depth 10
Holding Capacity : 7.5 crore litres of water.

Time
Average time required to construct the complete tank would be 3 to 5 years depending on the type of soil or land and the resources of the Panjrapole. Construction of the ta'nk can be started with digging a depth of 2 meters in the first year and then 2 meters may be added every year till the fifth year.

Choice of Site
The. site for the talao should be chosen by traditional methods or with the help of an elderly person's guidance, depending on the direction of rain water flow. This is very important, as water is important for the animals and for growing fodder.

Banks of Talao
The banks of talao can be covered with the following trees which store and generate water.

Cost
Construction of the complete tank will cost approximate Rs. five lakhs. (At 1997 rates of labour)
The mud/soil dug out of the talao and water flow trenches should be spread out on the remaining land of the panjrapole so that fertility of the soil improves. As digging for talao will be done in a phased manner, it should be done preferably in summer as the soil will contain sufficient moisture to keep the land moist in summer.

Borewell which is a recent trend - should not be dug, as water from borewell is not healthy for animals as 'per Mrugayurveda. This water contains higher than required fluoride which also is bad for health. Besides this, the life of a borewell is very short. At many places it has dried out completely even in less than ten years. For using the water from the borewell one has to use pumps which ruh on electricity or diesel , and both are pollution generating factors and impose additional cost for the panjrapole.

Preservation and protection of forests and vegetation
It is neither advisable nor necessary to construct sheds of cement concrete or steel. Cement sheets have adverse effect on the animal's health. Animals need a natural shelter to protect them from heavy rains, sunlight and wind. The panjrapole should have one each of the following twelve types of trees in each acre of land, so that the cattle can get good shelter under these trees.

For a 50 acre panjrapole, there will be 50 trees of each of the above variety of trees, which will provide natural shade to animals, food and shelter to many birds and will play a major role in recharging water in the soil.

Professor T. M. DAS of Agricultural University, Calcutta has concluded that a single tree during its life span provides services worth Rs. 15.70 lakhs to mankind. Thus in 50 acres, a panjrapole can easily grow 600 trees in 3 years which will cost just Rs. 60,0007-. One can easily calculate the benefit from 600 trees at the rate of Rs. 15.70 lakhs per tree. This amount would be the real asset of the panjrapole. Given in the following table is the bifurcation of gain in resources from a tree in its life span.

Preservation and protection of soil, Mother earth and land

The land belonging to the panjrapole should be well protected against encroachment from neighboring people. Besides cattle from the panjrapole should not go out for grazing to adjoining farms and vice versa . Fences of the following Ayurvedic thorny plants and bushes would provide a good protection to the panirapole's land.

Thorh, Kocha, Kachaka, Gahlo, Madhunashini, Satavari, Bhilama, Chanothi, Sevri & Agasth

The fence of the above mentioned plants will be very dense and hence nobody would be able to easily encroach on the land. The panjrapole would be thus well protected.

The time taken for full growth of above mentioned plants would be less than a year. Generally , one can get thorny plants free of cost from neighbouring farms, in which case the period would be much less when compared to growing these plants from seeds. And when saplings are not readily available, seeds may be used.

The above- mentioned plants should be grown organically only , without any use of chemical fertilizers or synthetic pesticides. Cow dung is a very good organic fertilizer and slurry of cow urine and dung are good natural pesticides. Both are available in plenty and free of cost to the panjrapole. Only the leaves of these plants are eaten by the cattle, without any damage to the plant. These leaves are good fodder for the cattle and are also very good for their health as per Mrugayurveda.

Barbed wire fencing or cement concrete pillars / walls are expensive, with practically nil benefits. Steel wire fencing or cement concrete walls would cost approximately Rs.60,0007- to Rs.70,0007- per acre. Compared to this, the cost of growing the above stated 12 plants would be less then Rs. 10,0007- per acre.

Preservation and protection of cattle

From the 50 acres of land of the panjrapole, the balance land left will be approximately 47 to 47:50 acres, after digging of talao, fencing and growing of trees. This land is fertile as mud was spread on this land while making the percolation tank. Besides this, regular application, of dung manure and gomutra ( cow urine ) on this land would make the soil rich , on which fodder and grass may be cultivated. At the rate of one cattle per acre a panjrapole of 50 acres can easily maintain 50 cattle.

Of the 47 acres to be cultivated, the optimum bifurcation of cultivation is as follows.

There are  more than 40 types of grass species  . The following 5 species are commonly used.

Agastha, Saniyar, Zinjavo, Dhamanh, and Rajdo Cattle should not be allowed to graze before the grass has completely grown, i nat would De post monsoon or to oe specific, it should be only after Kartak Sud Poonam (fifteen days after Diwali). If the animals graze before this, then the grass do not grow to the optimum height and there is loss of fodder. Besides this, the seeds are eaten by the cattle. Next year one has to again buy new seeds ( a cost burden to the panjrapole).lf the cattle graze on this grazing land, after Kartak sud poonam, then the ripe seeds would have fallen on the ground. Because of the sunlight, and trie grazing cattle spreading around dung and urine on those seeds fallen on the land, the seeds are ready to grow again without any efforts for the next season.

For the four months of monsoon, we should protect our grazing land well both from bur-own cattle and those from outside. For this, a panjrapole could buy a horse, so that the person in charge of the security can move around the panjrapole fast and can thus protect the grassland.

The panjrapole could devise an arrangement by getting in touch with the farmers within their vicinity and to source from them fodder and grass free of cost, in return for dung from the panjrapole. Only the transportation cost may be paid-by the panjrapole. As most of these animals would have come from these farmers, sourcing of grass will not be a problem. Thus the panjrapole will have a good stock of fodder and grass throughout the year.

Distribution of animals' dung

main by-product of any panjrapole is animal dung. It's suprising to see that hardly any panjrapole have a proper channel for dung distribution.

First of all, the available dung must be used in one's own panjrapole, to increase the fertility of the soil of the panjrapole. The surplus dung may be given to neighborhood farmars by way of barter against grass and fodder. The panjrapole should never sell the dung, but rationing can be done for dung distribution.

It is also important, that dung should be popularized as an alternative, eco-friendly fuel source so that the precious forest reserves are preserved.

Last year Mandal Panjrapole bartered their dung with Farmers from eighty nearby villages and received more than eight lakh Bundles of Grass worth Rs. 24 lakh.

Management of dead animals' Body

In the event of an animal's death, the skin of the dead animal should be given to the local Harijan free of cost, then the remaining parts of the animal's body mixing the same with good amount of salt should be buried in the soil of the panjrapole by the local Harijan, so that the fertility of the soil improves.

Und.er no circumstances the panjrapole should sell the dead animal's skin and bones.

This system is in practice at Rajpur Deesa Panjrapole Eighteen Families of Harijan's are involved. They get dead animal's bodies absolutely free from Panjrapole. They clean the whole panjrapole, collect the dung at one place in exchange of supply of dead animal bodies.

They clean the skin and give to local Cobbler's, who ultimately give to local Shoemaker. Thus more than 50 Families retain their traditional business and are prevented from getting anti social activities.

Efficient Management of Milk Distribution

If any lactating cattle comes to panjrapole, the milk of that cattle should be first given to its calf. The remaining milk, if any, should be distributed to children staying in the vicinity, who visits the panjrapole regularly and who are attached to the cattle. However , under no circumstances milk should be sold.

It is important that the panjrapole be regarded neither as a charity project nor a commercial enterprise. The panjrapole should strive to become a self sufficient and self sustaining unit, that cares about the welfare of unproductive, unwanted and ill cattle.